ºº Jacobo Arbenz Guzmàn ºº Carlos Castillo Armas ºº CIA ºº

ºº Arbenz ºº

Born in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala on September 14th 1913.

Arbenz joined the Army and in 1935 graduated as a sub-lieutenant. He joined the Guatemalan Military Academy in 1937 and became a teacher os history and science.

He became a secret opponent of Guatemalan dictator, Jorge Ubico.

Apalled by the actions of Ponce, Arbenz and a fellow junior officer, Major Francisco Arana, organized a military Rebellion. They were quickly joined by other officers. Ponce and Ubico were forced to abandon the country and Arbenz and Arana created a provisional Junta with businessman Jorgue Toriello, and promise free and democratic elections.Arbenz and Arana introduced a new constitution.

ºº Castillo Armas ºº

Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas is elected president of the Junta that overthrew the administration of Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz in June 1954. The elction of Armas was teh culmination of U.S efforts to remove Arbenz and save Guatemala from what American officials believed to be an attempt by the international Communism to gain a foothold in the Western Hemisphere.

°° Relation Between Armas, Arbenz and the CIA °°

Arbenz was elected president of Guatemala in 1950. the first CIA effort to overthrow the Guatemalan president, a collaboration with Nicaraguan dictator Anastacio Somoza to support Carlos Castillo,and codenamed Operation PBFORTUNE--was authorized by President Truman in 1952.

Up until the day Arbenz resigned on June 27, 1954, "the option of assassination was still being considered." While the power of the CIA's psychological-war, codenamed "Operation Sherwood," against Arbenz rendered that option unnecessary, the last stage of PBSUCCESS called for "roll-up of Communists and collaborators." Although Arbenz and his top aides were able to flee the country, after the CIA installed Castillo Armas in power, hundreds of Guatemalans were rounded up and killed.

ºº Kim IL Sung ºº

Born on April 15,1912 in Mangyongdae, Northern Korea.

On 1930's Kim emerges as a significant resistance leader, during this time, commanding the 6th division, 2nd Army,1st rout Army of the Northeast Anty- Japanese United Army. The japanese consider him to be so effective and dangerous. They formed a special unit to track him down.

On 1941 Kim is by now the only surviving leader of the Anti-Japanese United Army operating in Manchura. KIm is given command of the 1st Battalion of the brigade and his men are trained in espionage, radio communications and sabotage. Kim and his men will worke with the Soviets until the end of the war, by with time Kim has reached the rank of captain.

On August 28, 1946 the KWP is formally inagurated under the leadership of Kim Tubong and Kim Il Sung. Formed through a merger of the Communist Party of North Korea and the new Democratic Party of korea, the KWP begins to introduce a number of reforms to the North, including an 8 hour working day, equality of the sexes and suppression of religion.

In the Korean War were about three million killed. Between 600,000 and millions North Koreans needlessly starved to death due to the economic legacy of Kim's regime.

ºº The Korean War ºº

June 1950- July 1953
On June 25 the Cold War suddenly turned hot. Withina few days, NorthKorea's invasion of South Korea brought about a United Nation's "police action" against the agressors. That immediately prduced heavy military and a naval involvement by the United States. Nobody expected that the conflict would continue for more than 3 years. Thoughout the summer ps 1950, the United Nation's states scramble to contain North Korea's fast- moving army, assemble the forces necessary to defeat it and simultaneously begin to respond to what was seen as a global military challenge from the Communist world. The end of World War II, just 5 years earlier had left a vast potential for recovery U.S material reserves. The organized Reserve forces included tens of thousands of trained people, whose WWII experiencesremained reasonably fresh and relevant. Finally on July 27, 1953 with a new regime in the USSR and the blunting of a final Communist offensive, negotiations conclude and the fight ended. However the Cold War, considerably warmed up by the Korean experience, would maintain its costly existance for nearly 4 more decades.

http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/kowar/kowar.htm

ºº Mao Tse Tung ºº

He was Born on december 26, 1893 in Shao-shan. he founded the People's Republic of China.

When the Chinese Communist Party was organized in Shangai in 1921, Mao was a founding member and leader os the Hunan branch. At this stage the party formed a United front with the Kuomintang, the party of the Republican flowers of Sun Yat-sen. Mao worked within the United front in Shanghai, Hunan and Canton, concentrating variously on labor organization, party organization, propaganda and the Peasan Movement Training Institute.

In 1927, Chian Kai-Shek, who had gained control of the Kuomintang, after the death of Sun Yat-sen, reversed that party's policy of cooperation with the communists. By the next year, when he had control of the Nationalists armies as well as the Nationalists government CHiang purged all communists from the movement. As a result, Mao was forced to flee the contryside. In the mountains af south China he stablished with Chu Teh a rural base defended by a guerrilla army, that was to make Mao the leader of the Chinise Communist Party.

ºº The fall Of Berlin ºº

(1945) When the world WarII ended Berlin was divided into 4 sectors:
º The American
º Tthe British
º TheFrench
º The Soviet in the East

(1953) The western Powers waived the interzonen pass, the Soviet Union follows but east German citizenneed a permission to travel to the west.

(1957) Leaving East Germany without permission is forbidden and prosecuted with prision up to 3 years.

(1961) The Berlin sectorial border between East and West Berlin is closed, barriers are built.On November 9th of the same year Berlin wall is opened.

(1990) Germany is reunited.



The final chapter in the destruction of Hitler's third reich began on April 16,1945, when Stalin unleashed the brutal power of 20 armies, 6,300 tanks and 8,500 aircrafts with the objective of crushing German Resistance and caoturing Berlin.

The depleted Germand Forces put uo a stiff defence, initially repelling the attacking Russians, but ultimately sccumbling to overwhelming force. By April 24 the Soviet Army surrounded teh city slowly tightening its stranglehold on the remaining Nazi defenders. Fighting street to street and house to house, Russians troops blasted their way towards Hitler's chancellery un the city's center. Sixteen year old boys needed to join the S.S and die for their Fuhrer in the defence. They had no choice, because boys who were found hiding were hanged as traitors.

ºº Stalin ºº

Born on December 18,1878.

He was the General Secretary of the Soviet Union's Communist Party from 1922 unteil he was dead in 1953.

Stalin launched a Command Economy, replacing the New Economic Policy of 1920s with 5 year plans and launching rapid indistrializationand economic collectivization.

During the 1930s he lauched the Great Purge (also known as the "Great Terror"), a campaign to purge the Communist Party of people accused os corruption or treachery; he ectended it to the military and other sectors os Soviet Society.

In 1939, the Soviet Union under Stalin signed a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany, followed by a Soviet Invasion of Poland, Finland, the Baltics, Bessaraba and the Northern Bukovina.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin